The best Side of CLBO Crystal
The best Side of CLBO Crystal
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We summarized the current progress standing of the significant-energy DUV laser both of those within the wavelength of FHG in the one-μm laser and at 193 nm. The current improvement of the strong-state/fiber laser, as well as the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts not only the normal ability but additionally the beam excellent (coherence) in the DUV lasers to an unprecedented level.
The true secret challenge of ultraviolet coherent gentle resource generally concentrates on the event of nonlinear optical frequency conversion crystal in ultraviolet band. The nonlinear optical crystal has become the disorders for frequency transformation, so The expansion, dimensions, hurt resistance, conversion effectiveness and allowable parameter choice of nonlinear optical crystal are essential A lot more.
On the other hand, the beam good quality of the larger ability DUV laser would grow to be even worse due to far more significant thermal and nonlinear outcomes. That's why, the frequency conversion procedures need to be cautiously created to mitigate the aforementioned outcomes. Consequently, a high-energy DUV laser in the FHG of 1 μm with an excellent beam good quality may very well be received and will be advantageous for obtaining the shorter wavelength DUV lasers which include 193 nm by SFG.
Due to the thermal lens outcome while in the sound-state lasers, Should the heating management is inadequate, It isn't quick to get the good-condition laser which has a large power plus a high beam top quality at the same time. Lately, with the event of The skinny disk laser and one-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a higher-power laser at the fundamental wavelength (1 μm) had been recognized with a very good beam high quality Despite a TEM00 mode beam [4,24], which would be excellent candidates for the basic on the DUV laser era. A different applicant for the basic would be the substantial-electricity fiber laser which could be accomplished by coherent beam combination with M2 value a lot less than 1.
On one other side, the power scaling of your NIR get more info laser is yet another element to increase the normal electricity from the 193-nm DUV laser. Due to the insufficient the superior-energy amplification Alternative of the NIR laser (such as at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes including optical parameter oscillation (OPO) may very well be placed on establish a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the specified wavelength together with getting relative greater electrical power [21]. A short while ago, a diamond Raman laser confirmed its means in accomplishing a superior ability plus a significant conversion effectiveness at the 1st Stokes of the 1-μm laser [22,23], which implies the likelihood to generally be utilized within the 193-nm DUV laser technology on account of its substantial Raman attain and huge frequency shift.
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The heartbeat length of the 2nd Stokes light was shortened to 5 ns as revealed in Determine 7a, just one-shot photo within the oscilloscope, that is a standard phenomenon in Raman laser [44] although the heart beat period with the pump laser was ten ns.
Also, combining the strong-point out laser with other nonlinear process such as stimulated Raman scattering, NIR lasers may very well be realized at new wavelengths with higher electrical power and substantial beam excellent, which was examined because of the proof-of-theory experiment. This Raman laser scheme offers a fresh path to the substantial-electricity DUV laser, Primarily for the wavelength of 193 nm.
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The conversion efficiency from elementary NIR to DUV is from 5% to 36% in accordance with the noted brings about Table one. Growing the conversion effectiveness will lessen the stress on the design and setup of the elemental laser amplifier plus the electric powered electrical power intake. A good beam top quality of the basic laser will likely contribute towards the rising with the conversion performance as well as the appropriate energy intensity from the NIR and eco-friendly laser inside the SHG and FHG procedure, respectively. The highest conversion efficiencies from NIR to eco-friendly and green to DUV laser by use of CLBO crystal are 70% and around fifty%, respectively [12], which corresponds for the conversion efficiency of 35% from elementary to DUV.
The development on the 193-nm laser was shown by stages of SFG. In an effort to scale the DUV laser power properly, a completely new idea on the 193-nm DUV laser technology is offered based on the diamond Raman laser.